"It's been 21 years since we got married. We have a girl and a son. We have a grandson from our daughter. However, my husband has recently made a petition to court trying to divorce. And I feel shamed to divorce when we get a bride. The court has assigned us a trial period of 6 months. What decision can the court make a if I do not want to be divorced even after that term expires?
G. , Andijan city.
- According to article 41 of the Family code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, if the court considers the husband and wife unable to live together anymore, it will divorce them.
Based on paragraphs 15-16 of the Supreme court plenum, judgment No 6, of July 20, 2011, "Law on the practice of applying for marriage divorces" the family should take measures to protect the marriage. If the circumstances confirming the survival of the family (childhood, marriage, family relationship, etc.) are found, the court has the right to postpone the proceedings on the dissolution of either party or at the request of either of them. In this case, the court shall appoint a six-month period for a reunification pursuant to article 40 part 2 of the Family code. At the same time, due to the requirements of the article 218 of the Family code, the period of three months for reconciliation is ineffective. The trial may be postponed several times within a period of six months.
The court may, at the request of either the spouse or one of them, terminate the reconciliation period in the presence of substantial grounds and to review the case until the expiration of this period. The issue of reducing the time limit for reconciliation shall be settled by informing the parties at the court session and by passing a ruling.
Temporary conflicts in the family, conflicts arising from accidental causes, as well as the inability of one or both spouses to continue marital relations without serious causes can not be grounds for divorce. In the absence of grounds for the cancellation of marriage, the court rejects the claim.
There are some things in life that a person makes an irreparable mistake. As a result, he suffers forever and will have to suffer. In fact, such a mistake could be avoided. But ...
For ten years now, Nazira opa is very sad. Her granddaughter Guzal is already nine years old and can not talk. The girl sometimes cries out of her grave with difficulty explaining her own thoughts with her words. She is stubborn kicking the ground and beating her chest. Nazira opa who is also endangered, becomes ill after such cases. She looks at her daughter Nodira's eyes, she crushes her grandson. She can’t forgive herself thinking that she made her alone daughter unhappy.
Why was she agree with her brother's words at that time?
Nazira opa has noone other than her brother Mirahmad aka. Having lost their parents early, they relied heavily on each other because of their difficulties in life.
Mirakhmad aka told her wife that he was going to marry his son to his nephew Nodira who was clever, cheerful, and had a good profession. Aziza opa also supported this idea beacause she was in good relationships with her sister-in-law for many years and they became sisters. The resistance of young people saying "We are like brother and sister" was incapable of obstructing adult intentions. Even the doctors' warnings and advice did not blind them.
So the wedding was held. Nodira was happy serving at her uncle’s house. Kind between her and her bridegroom Khursandbek have turned into a genuine love. A year later, Guzaloy was born. The two were happy. The parent were happier than them...
One day, Nodira's world, which led Gyloo to the paramedical pediatric surgeon, was uprooted. The investigation revealed that the child was dumb from birth ... Since then, both families have been ruined. They showed their daughter to all doctors, they visited all hospitals. But no results have been achieved. Wherever they went they were repeatedly diagnosed by doctors as "due to a close marriage relationship ..."
"Relationships between relatives are rarely good," says Dilrabo Nishonova, obstetrician-gynecologist at the Andijan regional hospital. - This type of marriages result in high risk of recurrence of genetic diseases. The reason for this is the proliferation of resuscitation gene collisions. In this way, both married couples can be healthy. But their children may have different hereditary diseases. That is, it is likely that dead births, disability or disability will be. Analyzes show that today, as a result of the marriage between relatives of one out of four children are being punished.
More specifically, children born of relatives may experience the following diseases:
KLAYNFELTER DISEASE. This disease is more common in boys. At first, when the child reaches the age of puberty, rapid growth of the neck and excessive loss of arms and legs occur. Then, breast enlargement, such as women, can develop in the vagina. In some cases, obesity, mental illness, and sterility are also observed.
TERNER DISEASE. This happens in girls. Diseases of the infected women may be shorter in the hands and legs, the development of the breast, the menstrual cycle, and the childlessness.
SCHIZOPHRENIA (madness). This disease is also the most common mental illness. The disease is accompanied by severe headache, weakness, and serenity. These patients make out unclear sounds, do extraordinary acts.
"There are a number of verses in the Koran about avoiding marriages between close relatives," said Sharobiddin Musaboev, imam of Abu Hurayra mosque in Andijan. - In many cases, such dislocations can result in the disability of children who have lost their joy. In some cases, it is unlikely that we will be able to overlook the fact that after a child with a disability, there is a fall in the relationship between relatives and friends. Such a case should be a lesson to us.
A man comes to life once. So, he must be really happy. And happiness is not to leave a healthy offspring, to see their celestial bodies? Who benefits from risk of being threatened, threatening his future and his destiny? There is no use from the last regrets. That's why it is important not only to marry, to consider marriage as a matter of life and death, but also to avoid marriages between early and close relatives.
The house conflict between the mother-in-law and bride
PROCESS
A civil court session of the Andijan regional court of Civil cases took place in the mahalla "Soglom avlod" in Andijan city.
A conflict related with a house between the mother-in-law Khosikhon and her bride Salomatkhan (name changed) who live in "Soglom avlod" mahalla was discussed at the trial held under the chairmanship of judge of the regional Civil court R.Qoraboyev.
After the death of her husband Salomatkhan who had two children was forced to leave home by her mother-in-law. The conflict lasted for many months. Even the interference of neighborhood, mahala did not help to solve the problem.
The appeal of Salomatkhan to the court on this matter was considered at the court. The brutal bride's attitude, the unpleasant situation that contradicts the morality of our people was widely discussed by the general public. The case was thoroughly investigated and a fair trial was made. According to the verdict, 60 percent of the estimated value of the home is for the bride and 40 percent for the mother-in-law.
During a travel court session lawyers held talks on strengthening families, raising legal knowledge and literacy of citizens, ensuring the rule of law, elimination of various ill-treatment, and preventing the occurrence of crimes and abuses.
The health of mother and child - the future of the nation
HEALTH – MUCH WEALTH
The future of each nation is determined by its physically and mentally healthy generations. In this regard, in recent years a special attention is being paid to improve the quality of medical services, protecting the health of the population, especially the health of mothers and children in our country. A number of decrees and resolutions have been adopted ant they are serving in increasing the effectiveness of the work in this direction and bringing it to a higher level.
Particularly specific work is being carried out in order to preserve the health of women of reproductive age, maintain a range of fertility, prevent unwanted pregnancies, and form healthy family lifestyles in every family of our district as well as in our country. Because a healthy and stable family is a sacred place that guarantees the eternal life, the health of our children, the continuity of descendants, the eternal life of our national traditions and customs.
More than 102,000 women live in Qorg’ontepa district, of which over 41,000 are women of reproductive age. During the reporting period, 4,378 women of fertile age and over 4679 teenage girls were examined on a planned basis. Over 3,000 women who were diagnosed with various illnesses were involved in curing during the examination.
Sometimes we come across such cases that a newborn bride is asked to do household work as before. Her nutrition is ignored. As a result, the young mother agonizes in a baby care. This can result in a frequent infection of the baby and a weak growth. In such cases, some mother-in-laews blame the bride for her unknowingly.
A wide range of propagandistic activities are being carried out in the mahallas, labor collectives and educational institutions aimed at preventing such cases, maintaining the health of women, shaping healthy lifestyle principles, housewives, raising the medical knowledge and literacy of young mothers. In particular, with the participation of healthcare professionals, a wide range of events on topic such as "Maternal and child health is an important issue", "Healthy mother borns a healthy child," "Healthy lifestyle is a guarantee of health", "Medical examination and marriage", "Negative effects of early marriage and marriage between relatives" are being held. At the events, healthy lifestyle is an important aspect of life, and they have the necessary information about the health, safety and prevention of various diseases, personal hygiene and adherence to proper nutrition. It is worth mentioning the work carried out in "Yangi hayot", "G’ayrat", "Ma’murobod", "Navbahor", "Nodira" and "Qizilto’qay" mahallas.
An observance to an interval after birth plays an important role in protecting the health of mother and bringing up a healthy child whoi is considered as grounwork of the family. Taking into consideration this explanatory work is being carried by medical officers on the prevention of unwanted pregnancies, provision of interval birth.
The propaganda work is giving its positive results. In particular, in the preceding year, premature births, unwanted pregnancies, maternal and childhood mortality rates have dropped slightly compared to the same period last year.
Special attention is being paid to the medical examination of adolescent youth in the district. Thus, during the eight months of the current year, 1,662 young men and girls have undergone a medical examination prior to marriage. During the examination, 6 young people with various illnesses were sent to treatment. As a result, some of the disadvantages that could arise weres prevented.
It is important to improve the results of women's health care, to promote healthy lifestyle among them, to increase the sense of responsibility for their health in every woman, to enhance the culture of rational nutrition in families, and to further strengthen women's physical activity.
Inadequate medical knowledge and culture for siblings of the nation may lead to the birth defects and, as a result, disabilities. Therefore, every woman should have the necessary information about a healthy lifestyle, be attentive to her health, and frequently go through a doctor's examination. And most importantly, our women must not forget that their health, children's health are linked to the future of the nation.
Feruzakhon ABDULLAEVA,
Deputy mayor of Qo’rg’ontepa district, chairman of the
Lately, many children are suffering from dental ailments. Experts say that children's dental illnesses, especially the appearance of black spots on their teeth, and the emergence of caries are rising. When you ask mothers "Why did your child’s teeth look black?" they answer "Maybe it is because of ecology, I do not know, it's getting darker," negatively. But most of us do not know if we think this is insignificant - dental diseases can later lead to other diseases in the body.
We asked questions about dental diseases and their causes a dental surgeon of Andijan children’s regional dental clinic Abdumutal Akhmedov.
- In recent years, not only adults, but also many children suffer from dental diseases. Tell us, what are the causes of dental diseases in children?
- One of the peculiarities of dental diseases is that it quickly absorbs the teeth for several months or even years. Therefore, most people ignore the initial period of dental diseases. Today, karies are particularly widespread among children. 80-85% of children aged six to seven have this disease.
- Parents think that caries are caused by malnutrition and sweets. Is it really so?
- This is just one of the factors causing the disease. There are so many reasons for the caries. Children may develop dental ailments when developing in the stomach of the mother. In the second half of fetal development, the mineralization of milk teeth occurs. If breastfeeding is healthier and systematic, no later illnesses may occur in the milk teeth after birth. If the mother's toxicosis is severe, if the child is born poorly, if the child is injured, and if there are rickets, dyspepsia, then there will be a tendency for dental diseases. Also, mother's infectious disease during pregnancy and its inattention will eventually lead to the infection of the baby's teeth. Also, the artificial feeding of the child, the ecologically unhealthy environment (water and air pollution) are also factors that call for caries. At present, 20-30% of children aged one and a half, two or more children from three years of age, die in caries at 50-60%.
In addition, the increase in saliva stickiness, the use of certain group teeth (i.e. chewing only on one side), as well as the removal of the caries from the oral hygiene.
If you treat the caries in a timely manner, you can prevent it from getting bigger. This disease first appears on the surface, then turns into a medium stage, then deep crust, and then begins to pain.
- What other dental diseases are observed in children other than caries?
- The fetus may develop hypoplasia due to salt and water metabolism in the mother or child's body during the development of the tissue. Although this disease has just begun before the baby is born, it is only known that the milk teeth come out. In the hypoplasia, the teeth appear in the teeth, the pitches, or the aplasia (the absence of processing). If the mother is alert, the child is aware of these shortcomings in the teeth and comes to the doctor. But many also ignore it.
There is also a case of fluorescence. This disease is characterized by the appearance of white stripes in the teeth. It appears when the water content exceeds the amount of F (fluorine).
Though it is not very common, there are also teethratsiklin's teeth. If the mother has received tetracycline during pregnancy, the teeth of the baby will later develop yellow spots and gradually disappear.
In general, proper nutrition for a pregnant woman, consultation with experts, and taking the right amount of treatment at the right time is essential to the overall well-being of the child. Therefore, during pregnancy, if a woman pays a great attention to the health of herself and her future child, she will then prevent future illnesses.
The future of the countrythat valued woman is great
The future of the country where a woman was respected will be great. The result of the care and attention given to women reflects in the strong family, the knowledge and the high potential of our children, and the well being of the country.
Head of our state Sh. Mirziyoev's decree "On measures to radically improve the activities of women's support and strengthening the family institute" as of February 2, 2011, is a vivid example of respect and reverence for women in Uzbekistan, and is moving towards a higher level of work in this direction.
This document provides broad opportunities for women to increase their role in the family, in society, to live a healthy, well-off life, to bring up harmoniously developed, highly educated children, to fully realize their potential.
At present, extensive work is bein carried out in supporting and protecting the rights and interests of 89,000 migrant citizens living in the 63 mahalla mahallas, as well as to fulfill the tasks outlined in the Presidential decree.
The govern of district jointly with the partner organizations and the partner organizations has entered into the existing 34,000 families in the district, conducted direct interviews, surveyed the problems in the families and the current problems. Most of the problems identified during the study have been eliminated on the spot.
In our mahallas, each family is directly involved with the families with distressing problems. 44 such makhalla activists, mentors with great experiences and parental care have been set up to such families.
Six of the women living in disadvantaged families were provided with housing, 101 with household appliances and 10 with sewing machines.
109 family divorces have been registered in the district over the past year. Necessary measures are being taken and systemic work is being carried out to prevent divorces. Roundtables, dialogues and spiritual-enlightenment events are regularly being held to ensure the peace and harmony in the families of different problems, to ensure the stability of the socio-cultural environment.
We are working to co-ordinate the Coordination committees in the mahallas, the public councils of mother-in-laws, the Parent Universities. Because the role of families in ensuring their families is immense. Together with these structures, the leaders of the primary organizations in the mahallas and the specialists working with women and strengthening the spiritual and moral values in families, this year alone, 119 families were on the brink of divorce.
If a woman commits a crime, both family and society suffer. In this regard, special attention is being paid to the prevention of crime and crime, especially suicides among women. In collaboration with law enforcement agencies and mahalla activists, dialogues and meetings are being held on prevention of crime and offenses.
In order to explore the best practices in strengthening the family, model schools in the neighborhood, roundtables have been organized with the participation of mother-in-laws called "School of sapiential life." In addition, selection competitions such as "A sapiential family", " A fair mother-in-law", "A sapiential father", "The most harmonious bride-mother-in-law" were held in "G’ozichek" and "Beshkaram", as well as in many neighborhoods.
Large-scale work is being carried out within the framework of the program "Each family – an entrepreneur" and "A flourishing village". There are lots of enthusiastic, energetic sisters who are engaged in entrepreneurship, craftsmanship, farming, and are primarily interested in making rich their family and country. In particular, over the past period of this year, 21 women have received over 2 billion 201 million soums of loans. Having borrowed it, they started their own business. In general, more than 825 new jobs have been created in the district due to entrepreneurship, organization of production, craftsmanship and home-based work.
In short, the women of our district live and work with the aspiration to ensure peace, stability and income of their families, make a worthy contribution to the development of the neighborhood, country, family, and a worthy place in society. Their aspirations, their dreams and hopes, will surely become true. Because all the conditions have been created for them in our country, they are always in respect.
Malikakhon YUSUPOVA,
Deputy governor of Jalaquduq district, chairwoman of women's committee.
Knowledge and skills of specialists are being improved
PROCESS
Andijan State University hosted a training workshop within the framework of the Special Education Course "Strengthening moral and spiritual values in the family", organized by the "Family" scientific-practical research center at Andijan Regional Department.
The workshop was attended by deputies of districts and cities, chairmen of women's committees, and mahalla citizens' assemblies on working with women and strengthening moral and spiritual values in families.
- These courses, organized in line with the decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the establishment of special training courses for retraining and raising the staff of the family institution" of March 26, 2018, lasts 12 days, - says the head of the regional department of the center for practical research "Family" Lazokat Jalolova. - It focuses on effective and systematic organization of specialists' work with families, raising their knowledge, experience and skills.
It was adressed that a particular attention should be paid to prepare young people for family life, to prevent conflicts in the family, to strengthen moral and spiritual values, to ensure reproductive health of the family, to develop a healthy lifestyle, to develop demographic development, to interact with spouses, children and parents, as well as the issues of forming a model family at the seminar.
The first day of the training course was delivered by lecturers on topics such as "Family conflicts: factors, causes, types of expression, results and ways of prevention", "Psychological and social changes in adolescence, "Reproductive health of teenagers".
The participants expressed their opinions, suggestions and ideas to raise the effectiveness of the lectures and the work on the subject, to a higher level, to introduce the experience and advanced methods of work.
Deputy governor of the region, chairman of the women's committee M.Yunusova took part in the seminar and spoke about the important tasks that should be implemented within the framework of the upgrading program.
Every year the first week of August is celebrated as the World breastfeeding week in more than 170 countries, including Uzbekistan. The aim of this is to inform the general public about the importance of mother's milk, which is a priceless miracle, and to promote breastfeeding. This year's celebration was celebrated under the motto "Breastfeeding - the basis of life". Our interview with a neonatologist of the 2nd birth complex of Andijan city medical association Mahpirathon Akhmedova was about the work being carried out in this direction.
- Mahpiratkhan opa, how breastfeeding is important for the newborn child and the mother?
- First of all, I wish every woman happiness of being a mother who has married in a dream of happines. Because the happiness of the family can be perfect only with children. A woman who embraces the baby for the first time feels happy with it and as if she was born again.
Breastfeeding is a guarantee of the healthy beginning of every child's life. This practice plays an important role not only in the lives of babies, but also in mothers' normal health and wellbeing.
Milk is a wonderful miracle. The milk produced by the mother has all the nutrients needed for the baby's growth and development. Breastfeeding of the baby begins with milk from the milk. We also say that this is a "gold vaccine". The more udder is fed in the first three days of the baby, the more immune it will be. Because the mother's milk is rich in immunoglobulin, gammo-globulin, mineral substances and vitamins.
Breastfeeding has proven to be a cognitive and medical advantage for both breastfeeding mothers. This process plays an important role in the lives of children, especially in the first six months, in the prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia, which is the main cause of infant mortality worldwide.
When the baby dies, she lies in her mother's arms. The point is, first, that it reduces the risk of postpartum bleeding. Second, breastfeeding speeds up the mother's breast milk, because the baby's emotions increase in her mother's sense of affection. Thirdly, it reduces the risk of cancer that may arise in a woman's body. Removing the baby out of the baby's room does not make it easier for him or her to have a baby. Breastfeeding children are kind to parents who are artificial children.
Breastfeeding reduces infant mortality and helps to keep them healthy when they are large. Mother's milk is the first vaccine for the baby. It causes the blood plasma proteins in the body of a child. Breast milk is the basis of good feeding of a baby.
- How many breastfeeding babies are best recommended for the baby?
- You know, I should not limit it. She should suckle her baby for a long time. However, I can tell the age limit. It is designated for 2 children and 3 years for boys. Even in the Holy Quran it waswritten about it. The more the baby is fed with breastfeeding the healthier they will be.
The baby is given additional meals six months later, but the main nutrient should still be breast milk. It's a natural instinct that it is difficult to separate the baby from breast milk. During my lifetime, I have seen how immune and immature young men have been breastfed for a long time. Indeed, if there were any great alumni of our land, all were fed only breast milk. Previously, artificial feeding was not half-finished.
- How much does artificial feed supplement mother's milk?
- Unfortunately, no modern technology is able to produce nutrients that can replace the mother's milk by 100 percent. Here, I want to talk about a painful situation that afflicts me. Sometimes we see artificial feeds. If the baby needs to give artificial feed, the doctors themselves say it. Why is it that the baby is not breastfed, why the child is not grown up? Determining the cause, and giving it to artificial feeding is not recommended. However, there are doctors who advise artificial nourishment in advertising, as "the baby is not feeding, and the mother does not have milk."
If the mother has less milk, there are ways to reproduce it. When we support the young mother in all respects and try to increase her breast milk, we do not need any other food. Of course, except for breastfeeding. At times, it is recommended to use artificial feeds that are relatively close to mother's milk. We should not give artificial food to children as much as possible.
- What is breastfeeding in our region today?
- 13 maternity complexes in our region have a special breastfeeding certificate. Our 2 maternity complex has been able to double this type of certificate. Propagation of breastfeeding is a major propagandistic activity in maternity hospitals and mahallas. Roundtables, meetings, booklets, manuals are being distributed. Broadcasting on TV and radio, as well as media coverage. Today, these promotional activities have been successful, and the breastfeeding rate is 88%. However, it would be wrong to say that this figure will reach 100 percent. Because there are cases where breastfeeding is unavoidable, and I think that we should achieve 98% of complications at birth complications.
Sometimes, infants with low birth weight may be born. Even these babies need only breastfeeding as much as possible. To do that, we need to work hard. We have to start propagation not only with mothers, pregnant women, but also girls who are about to get married. We need to help doctors in this regard. If we say that our children, our family, and our society are healthy, we have to work together. Only then can we achieve the desired result.
-"The boy earns much money, his father works in a good place. Their home is also nice, and it is a dreamy family, and certainly we give our daughter to them."
-"If you liked them that’s fine... But what does our daughter say to this?"
-"She's a little young, and she accepts what we say."
Such kind of conversation happened day by day between parent's who were happy thinking that was just as proud as she was when she was seventeen-year-old, who was proud of her beauty, her needlework, and cookery, "Our daughter will make happy a family and she will be happy."
There were many in the village who were ashamed of Mahbubani, as if they were in a good mood. Soon the slaves had not gone away, and he hurried to the girl. Tojiddin aka and Muharram's sister decided to give her daughter a chance to go to the mouth of the man, fasting on the nets and watching over the crowd. So they strangled her to a young man from a family of her own.
The wedding ceremony was also held. Nobody was interested in the girl's goals, her future, and her health. Worse, a good start with the good intent did not end. The bridegroom began to find fault with the bride, who still had no chili. He did not know what to eat, how to talk to his husband, and how to treat the guests. The worker is also a servant from the street. Two months later, there was a rumor that the bride could not get sick and would not rise from the pillow to-morrow.
Mahbuba could not afford the groom's home at all. The dyeing of the dyke fell, and in that case they left him to his mother's house, saying that his parents, who did not know how to bring up their daughters, should now see. Thus, your bride has been "a response" from the bridegroom. Surprisingly, the respondents received the answer, "The bride is not worth our family."
No matter how hard you try to restore the younger family, you have not gone any further. The parents, who became victims of their own dreams, who had not yet been separated from their childhood, were physically and spiritually agitated, so the parents were very sorry for the fact that they were frustrated by the blows of marriage.
Family is a sacred place. Everyone, especially the parents who are growing up, should know this well. Nevertheless, we should not forget that marrying a girl who is not ready for a family life can put her parents in a state of distress.
Let's think who is guilty of Mahbuban's misery? A parent who is drawn to dreams and is not interested in a child or is he still married to someone else without knowing what is going on? What is the future of a girl who has begun to sweat one out of ten? It would have been a sad situation for a girl who was not eighteen years old, and her parents would not have been saddened.
At first glance, it is not unusual to get married. First, you will get acquainted, test, and then build a family. But when you come into the world of marriage and family life, you will find its mystery. You realize how complicated it is.
... We married with Abror brother in love. Everything is perfect in our family. Since my husband was a younger son, our mother-in-law had given us his home. I thought we should live together forever, at first we were married. But after a while, we had to face specific tests.
My husband had grown up without his housework. Television viewing takes a lot of time with his handset ringing. In order not to discourage the son of his son, all the men do their job. Ahror my brother does not even see it. Instead, I try to help my mother just because I'm ashamed of her. Then he does not break his pinag.
I was in such a situation and learned. However, on one of the winter days when my mother went to grass, she fell down and fell down. He fell off his left ankle and went to the hospital. When I saw the downgrade, I talked to my spouse: "If you are young, you will not be in such a difficult situation if you take these things out of his hand."
I was in my mouth:
"You still teach me a mind," he said to me.
"I do not need a woman who is superior to a man, take your mate away from me.
- Well, I'm ...
- I said no, that’s enough.
This kind of approach to my best friend has bothered me. But I did not want to leave those whom I loved as my parents. What is their sin in them? If I abandon the hardest moments of my life, it would be unfortunate. They love me like their own children. My husband even had to go to the hospital to see his father.
I have a two-year-old son. As he grows up, I'm terrified. Do not my husband’s parents return from their children?
It was a charming glance, and it was difficult for the family to look at the family. It does not mean that our people do not need "Everyday need in a beautiful wedding". The heart of man is beautiful. Does not it love the one who does not care for one's own parents to fill the sand with water?
At the dawn of marriage, my sincere words to my siblings are that it is important not to be mistaken in choosing a mate. You are anxious, miserable, and persecuted. Because man is not a vesture, but is replaced.
